After Malik Shah I died in 1092, disunity in Seljuk lands allowed the success of the First Crusade and the start of a new power in the middle-east. By the year 1068 Alp Arslan invaded the Byzantine Empire en route to Syria, and after some early defeats to the Emperor Romanus IV, the battle of Manzikert proved decisive and the face of anatolia was changed forever putting Sunni Muslims and the Turks at the forefront.Alp Arslan continued with conquest after conquest until, after taking a Khwarezemian fortress, the govenor of the castle, sentenced to a cruel, death drew his dagger and Yussuf el-Harezmi killed the mighty Alp Arslan.The next Sultan was mostly successful, he drove the Byzantines almost out of Anatolia and took most of the Holy land from the Fatimids, however his new conquest in Anatolia revolted, procaliming the Sultanate of Rum with its capital at Nicaea. Toğrül Bey died childless however, and after a brief internal struggle Sultan Alp Arslan (meaning "valiant lion") emerged victorius. The Seljuk Empire came into being when Toğrül Bey took the province of Khurasan from the Ghaznavids and settled there, from this solid base they expanded quickly, overrruning most of Persia and taking effective control of the Islamic world from the Abbasid Caliphate, impressive expansion for a nation so young. The Great Seljuk Empire was founded in 1037 by Toğrül Bey, grandson of the great Seljuk Bey, who gave his name to the empire and the dynasty which governed it.
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